skyveon.site

Blog

  • Pope Leo XIV: Artificial intelligence is one of the main challenges for humanity

    Pope Leo XIV: Artificial intelligence is one of the main challenges for humanity

    The new Pope Leo XIV, the first pontiff from the United States in history, said in his first speech after his election that artificial intelligence is one of the most serious problems of our time.

    This was reported by Bloomberg, writes UNN.

    Details

    According to reports, Pope Leo told the cardinals that he is fully committed to the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, the meetings of the 1960s that modernized the Church.

    He called AI one of the main problems facing humanity, saying that it creates problems for the protection of human dignity, justice and labor.

    In our day, the Church offers everyone a treasury of its social teaching in response to another industrial revolution and developments in the field of artificial intelligence, which pose new challenges in the field of protecting human dignity, justice and labor,

    – he said.

    Towards the end of his pontificate, Francis began to speak more and more often about the threats to humanity emanating from AI, and called for an international treaty to regulate it.

    Where does the Catholic Church get its money: donations, real estate and financial investments11.05.25, 10:50 • 2386 views

  • Artificial intelligence helps reunite lost dogs with their owners

    Artificial intelligence helps reunite lost dogs with their owners

    When Michael Bown left New York City for a family reunion at the Jersey Shore, he never imagined he’d return to a nightmare. 

    His beloved adopted dog, Millie, just a year old, slipped out of her collar during a walk in the East Village and vanished into the night. 

    What followed was a frantic, emotional and ultimately heartwarming journey, one that highlights the power of community, technology and a little bit of luck.

    Join The FREE CyberGuy Report: Get my expert tech tips, critical security alerts and exclusive deals — plus instant access to my free Ultimate Scam Survival Guide when you sign up!

    Michael Bown and his reunited dog Millie  (Petco Love)

    A dog gone missing: The start of a frantic search

    Michael’s story began with a simple act of trust, leaving Millie in the care of a close friend. But as Michael recalls, “She got a little spooked out on the walk with him and slipped out of her collar. This was in the East Village in New York, and she just sort of took off. I think she was trying to find me or figure out where I was.”

    His friend chased Millie for blocks, desperately trying to catch up, even attempting to flag down cyclists and passersby. But Millie, a quick and determined pit bull mix, was gone. 

    “He called me on the phone and was just, you know, sort of, like, panting and freaking out saying, like, ‘Hey. So sorry, but, you know, this is what happened. I’m not able to find her.’”

    Michael immediately turned around, driving straight back to New York. He and his family searched the city until 2 a.m., visiting police stations and firehouses and posting in Facebook groups and lost pet websites. 

    “It was like looking for a needle in a haystack, especially in New York,” he said.

    AI dog tech 2

    Michael Bown and his reunited dog Millie  (Petco Love)

    5 BEST PET TRACKERS

    Technology to the rescue

    The next morning, Michael’s mother uploaded Millie’s photo and microchip information to Petco Love Lost, a free, innovative platform that uses AI-powered photo matching to reunite lost pets with their families. Within minutes, Michael received two alerts, one with an image match and another with a microchip match. Both pointed him to an emergency vet clinic in Paramus, New Jersey.

    “It was fantastic. I had never heard of anything like that technology. It couldn’t have worked better,” Michael shared. “From the time she went missing to when I was able to find her, I think it was only thirteen, fourteen hours. So, yeah, I mean, less than a full day from that happening, or from her, you know, getting off the leash, to me reuniting with her.”

    AI dog tech 3

    Millie’s lost and reunited photos  (Petco Love)

    BEST PET TECH GIFT GUIDE

    Millie’s wild journey

    Millie’s adventure was as harrowing as it was miraculous. After running nearly ten miles from the East Village to Harlem, she was struck by a car. A Good Samaritan stopped traffic, scooped her up and drove her to an emergency vet in New Jersey. 

    The staff treated her for scrapes, cuts and a leg injury and uploaded her photo and microchip info to Petco Love Lost, where the system’s AI matched her with Michael’s report. 

    “The technology was great. All we had to do was upload a picture of her, and then we were able to just get matched back with her through that picture, and, sort of like the AI technology of her getting matched, with the veterinary group also uploading a picture of her. So, yeah, I mean, it’s crazy technology these days and how quickly, you know, people can get reunited with their pets,” Michael said.

    AI dog tech 4

    Michael Bown and his reunited dog Millie  (Petco Love)

    HEARTLESS SCAMMERS ARE PREYING ON PEOPLE’S LOST PET ANGUISH

    How Petco Love Lost works

    Aaron Klein, director of product at Petco Love Lost, explained the magic behind the platform.

    “Petco Love Lost uses photo-matching technology to instantly scan and compare a photo of a lost or found pet against our massive, centralized database of pets,” Klein said. “This includes photos from most animal shelters across North America, as well as from platforms like Nextdoor Neighbors by Ring and direct posts from community members. What used to take hours, manually searching shelter websites, scrolling through social media and piecing together information, is now done in less than a minute.

    “The Petco Love Lost system automatically matches pets based on up to 512 data points, and as soon as you report your pet, we continue monitoring all incoming pets,” Klein added. “If we find a possible match, you’ll get a new match alert via text and an email right away, so you never miss a lead. This real-time, automated approach makes reunions faster, more accurate and less stressful for pet parents.”

    WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)?

    AI dog tech 5

    Michael Bown and his reunited dog Millie  (Petco Love)

    The challenge of lost pets

    Reuniting lost pets with their families is a huge challenge, especially in a city as sprawling as New York. According to Klein, “The toughest part of reuniting lost pets is twofold: First, getting all lost and found pet data into one central place, and second, getting everyone, whether they’ve lost or found a pet, to actually look in that one place.”

    GET FOX BUSINESS ON THE GO BY CLICKING HERE

    With only 22% of pet parents going to a shelter when a pet is lost, but 80% searching online (often on just one platform), there are huge gaps in the search process. Petco Love Lost is tackling this by connecting data sources into one searchable platform, including over 3,000 shelters and major social media networks, with plans to expand even further.

    AI dog tech 6

    Michael Bown, his reunited dog Millie and Heather Small, Veterinary Emergency Group  (Petco Love)

    An emotional reunion

    When Michael finally saw Millie at the vet, it was a moment of pure relief and joy. 

    “It was a very emotional, like, reunion for me,” he said. “I mean, I think the good thing about, like, we got reunited so quickly. But that whole, like, night where she was missing, and I wasn’t quite sure where she was was definitely, like, one of the harder nights that I’ve had for a while. … There definitely were [tears]. I was, you know, crying like a baby not to admit it. But, yeah, it was very emotional.” 

    SUBSCRIBE TO KURT’S YOUTUBE CHANNEL FOR QUICK VIDEO TIPS ON HOW TO WORK ALL OF YOUR TECH DEVICES

    AI dog tech 7

    Millie reunited with her owner and back home  (Petco Love)

    Kurt’s key takeaways

    Michael’s story is a testament to the power of community, technology and hope. Thanks to Petco Love Lost’s innovative platform and the kindness of strangers, Millie made it home. As Michael puts it, “Love Lost helped me find Millie. It was fantastic.” 

    For pet parents everywhere, platforms like Petco Love Lost are changing the game, making it faster and easier than ever to bring lost pets home where they belong.

    CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP

    What’s the most unforgettable moment you’ve experienced when searching for a lost pet, and how do you think this kind of AI technology could change that story? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact

    For more of my tech tips and security alerts, subscribe to my free CyberGuy Report Newsletter by heading to Cyberguy.com/Newsletter

    Ask Kurt a question or let us know what stories you’d like us to cover

    Follow Kurt on his social channels

    Answers to the most asked CyberGuy questions:

    New from Kurt:

    Copyright 2025 CyberGuy.com.  All rights reserved.  

    Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson is an award-winning tech journalist who has a deep love of technology, gear and gadgets that make life better with his contributions for Fox News & FOX Business beginning mornings on “FOX & Friends.” Got a tech question? Get Kurt’s free CyberGuy Newsletter, share your voice, a story idea or comment at CyberGuy.com.

  • Why Cristiano Ronaldo’s Al-Nassr Future ‘is Now in Serious Doubt’

    Why Cristiano Ronaldo’s Al-Nassr Future ‘is Now in Serious Doubt’

    Cristiano Ronaldo became a trailblazing figure when he left European shores to join Saudi Pro League outfit Al-Nassr – but now, with the Portuguese talisman being 40 years of age, reports are suggesting that his future in the Middle East is in serious doubt.

    Sadio Mane, Karim Benzema, N’Golo Kante and even footballing superstar Neymar are just a handful of the big-time names that followed in the ex-Manchester United and Real Madrid talisman’s footsteps after he moved to Saudi Arabia in January 2023.

    Related


    ‘I Won La Liga With Real Madrid – These 5 Players Were BETTER Than Cristiano Ronaldo’

    Cristiano Ronaldo was shockingly left out of a former Real Madrid star’s top five greatest footballers’ list.

    The plan for Ronaldo – widely regarded as one of the best footballers of all time – was for him to spend his swansong at Al-Nassr, all while breaking the 1,000-goal mark. But reports have suggested his time may be cut short.

    Ronaldo’s Al-Nassr Future Hanging in the Balance

    Portuguese talisman at the top of Saudi Pro League’s goalscoring charts

    Ever since taking the leap two-and-a-half years ago, Ronaldo has been his potent self in front of goal, scoring goals as if they are going out of fashion. In fact, the seasoned forward has notched 91 goals and a further 19 assists in 103 outings.

    As things stand, Madeira-born Ronaldo has just two months remaining on his current deal in the Saudi capital – and, naturally, there are doubts over whether the club’s higher-ups will offer him a new deal, according to Spanish publication Marca.

    The report suggested that Ronaldo, 40, was poised to put pen to paper on a new two-year deal recently, but negotiations have stalled somewhat as the club struggle, despite having some of the winger-turned-striker’s capabilities leading the line, to win silverware.

    After losing 3-2 to Al-Ittihad on Wednesday, Ronaldo’s Al-Nassr are not on course to qualify for the AFC Champions League and Ronaldo’s employers are reluctant to extend his stay at the club if they continue to get nothing (in terms of trophies) in return.

    Following his side’s recent loss, which saw Al-Nassr give up a two-goal lead in the 94th minute, Ronaldo – in utter frustration at the result and, more importantly, the performance – reportedly left the stadium without even getting changed.

    Cristiano Ronaldo

    Related


    Cristiano Ronaldo Labelled a ‘Crybaby’ For Actions During Al-Nassr Defeat

    Fans have turned on the star following his latest meltdown

    His actions, however, have concerned the powers that be at the King Saud University Stadium – and in terms of a renewal, they are considering all options before offering the record-breaking frontman new terms on his hefty contract.

    Moving to another club in Saudi Arabia has not been ruled out of the question as Al-Nassr are eager to add more trophies to their repertoire – and to make matters worse, they exited this season’s AFC Champions League at the hands of J-League side Kawasaki Frontale recently.

    Ronaldo is ahead of the talismanic trio of Ivan Toney, Aleksandar Mitrovic and the aforementioned Benzema and currently top of the Saudi Pro League goal-getter charts – with 23 strikes in 28 outings – but Stefano Piolo’s side have struggled to keep pace.

  • A new AI model: The Human Guided Learning Ecosystem

    A new AI model: The Human Guided Learning Ecosystem

    As artificial intelligence (AI) continues its rapid evolution, a wave of apprehension has swept through higher education. Many fear AI will supplant educators or render our institutions obsolete. But what if this focus is misplaced? What if the future of higher education doesn’t just survive AI, but thrives because of it? Imagine a system where AI doesn’t diminish human connection but powerfully amplifies it.

    This is the vision behind the Human Guided Learning Ecosystem. This is a model where artificial intelligence serves as a dynamic assistant to both students and educators, not a replacement for either. This approach reframes AI not as an existential threat, but as a transformative opportunity. It’s a future where AI enables colleges to scale student support, deepen personalized learning pathways, and, crucially, liberate educators to concentrate on the uniquely human aspects of teaching that matter most.

    Students first: AI as a personalized learning companion

    Picture a student navigating their college journey with a 24/7 intelligent learning assistant. This AI companion, designed with robust ethical safeguards and a commitment to equity, adapts content, pacing and feedback to individual learner needs. It can identify early warning signs of academic struggle, recommend tailored resources and suggest new learning strategies based on a student’s real-time behavior and progress.

    Crucially, this AI doesn’t teach in the traditional sense. It facilitates, supports and scaffolds. This, in turn, frees faculty to dedicate their expertise to mentoring, inspiring and guiding students through more profound and meaningful intellectual experiences.

    Empowering faculty: Elevating the human role in education

    Faculty are the heart of this ecosystem. AI becomes a tool to reclaim their valuable time by streamlining administrative burdens, automating the grading of objective assessments, curating relevant global course content and providing insights into learning trends across diverse classrooms. Armed with these efficiencies and data, instructors can dedicate their energies to high-impact engagement: fostering critical debates, guiding collaborative projects, coaching complex problem-solving skills, and nurturing the ethical reasoning and empathy our society so urgently requires.

    In this model, educators are not replaced; they are elevated and empowered. Their role evolves from content deliverers to architects of learning experiences and mentors of human potential.

    A curriculum that champions our humanity

    Within the Human Guided Learning Ecosystem, the curriculum naturally shifts to emphasize distinctly human capacities: creativity, collaboration, communication, critical thinking and complex problem-solving. While AI can provide efficient access to foundational knowledge and skill development, it is the faculty who guide students to apply, synthesize and critically evaluate that knowledge in innovative and ethical ways.

    Classrooms transform into dynamic laboratories for real-world application and critical inquiry, moving beyond mere content delivery. Assessment methods evolve in tandem, shifting from a primary reliance on high-stakes tests to a broader acceptance of projects, portfolios and authentic demonstrations of learning that reflect a student’s holistic growth and depth of understanding.

    The campus as a catalyst for community and connection

    Even as digital tools become more integrated, the physical campus and the community it fosters become even more vital. The power of human connection, direct mentorship and the serendipitous learning that occurs in shared spaces, be it between classes or during office hours, remains irreplaceable. Our community colleges, historically anchors of belonging and opportunity, will find this role amplified in an AI augmented world, becoming even more essential hubs for human interaction and collaborative learning.

    AI + humanity = A brighter future for higher education

    This vision isn’t a distant dream; it’s within our grasp. Achieving it, however, requires intentional design and thoughtful implementation. It demands robust governance structures that skillfully balance innovation with ethical responsibility. It calls for ongoing faculty development, investment in digital infrastructure and the creation of policies that ensure equity is not an afterthought but a foundational principle.

    At the Digital Center for Innovation, Transformation and Equity, a collaborative initiative between Foothill-De Anza and the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office, alongside a growing network of founding partner community colleges in California, we are actively exploring this future. Our work is rooted in the belief that AI should empower, not eclipse, educators and that human potential must remain at the core of educational transformation. We are convinced that our students will need both technological fluency and deeply human skills to navigate and shape the world they are inheriting.

    At Pima Community College (PCC), the formation of an AI Task Force, alongside the innovative Faculty AI Fellows program housed in the Teaching and Learning Center, AI had become a priority. These efforts are actively shaping the evolution of teaching and learning at PCC in the age of artificial intelligence. These efforts are not isolated; they reflect a broader, strategic commitment to integrating AI thoughtfully across disciplines. The library is playing a pivotal role in this transformation, emerging as a campus leader in advancing AI literacy. Through workshops, curated resources and collaborative initiatives, the library empowers students, faculty and staff to engage critically and confidently with AI tools, fostering a culture of curiosity, adaptability and responsible innovation.

    The Human Guided Learning Ecosystem is more than just a model; it’s a call to action. Community colleges are uniquely positioned to lead this charge, not by resisting the future, but by actively and thoughtfully shaping it.

    * * *

    Lee Lambert is chancellor of the Foothill-De Anza Community College District in California.

    Keith Rocci is library director of the PimaOnline Campus at Pima Community College (Arizona).

  • Lionel Messi outshines Cristiano Ronaldo with incredible goal milestone in Inter Miami vs. Minnesota

    Lionel Messi outshines Cristiano Ronaldo with incredible goal milestone in Inter Miami vs. Minnesota

    Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have defined an era in global soccer, pushing each other to unprecedented heights for nearly two decades. With his latest goal against Minnesota United FC, the Inter Miami star has once again pulled ahead in one key category—reaching a remarkable scoring milestone faster than his longtime rival.

    The Herons traveled to Minnesota for Matchday 12 of the 2025 MLS season looking to climb back into the league’s top positions. However, things didn’t go according to plan, as Inter Miami endured their worst defeat with Messi on the field.

    Minnesota took control early, scoring twice in the first half. Shortly after the break, Messi finished off a sharp attacking move with a goal off a pinpoint cross from Jordi Alba to cut the deficit. But the hosts responded with two more goals, handing Miami a heavy 4–1 loss.

    Messi sets historic goal milestone despite defeat

    Despite the result, Messi’s lone goal was historic. With it, he became the fastest player in history to reach 860 official career goals. While both he and Cristiano Ronaldo are the only players to reach that mark, Messi hit it earlier—and did so more efficiently.

    Ronaldo notched his 860th goal with a stunning free kick during Al Nassr’s 2–1 win over Damac in the Saudi Pro League on October 21, 2023. He was 38 years old and playing in his 1,189th official match.

    Inter Miami co-owner David Beckham’s bold claim: Only one star can match Lionel Messi – and he is at Barcelona

    see also

    Inter Miami co-owner David Beckham’s bold claim: Only one star can match Lionel Messi – and he is at Barcelona

    Messi, by comparison, scored his 860th goal in his 1,098th game—91 matches fewer than Ronaldo. He also did it at age 37, nearly a year younger than Ronaldo at the time of his achievement.

    The two legends continue to lead the all-time scoring charts. Ronaldo stands at 934 goals in 1,276 official matches (0.73 goals per game), while Messi now has 860 in 1,098 (0.78 goals per game). As the Portuguese star continues his pursuit of the 1,000-goal milestone, both players remain active and historic figures in the twilight of their careers.

  • Artificial intelligence voice gender, gender role congruity, and trust in automated vehicles

    Artificial intelligence voice gender, gender role congruity, and trust in automated vehicles

  • Deng, M. & Guo, Y. A study of safety acceptance and behavioral interventions for autonomous driving technologies. Sci. Rep. 12, 17891. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22720-0 (2022).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Khan, S. K., Shiwakoti, N., Stasinopoulos, P. & Warren, M. A multinational empirical study of perceived cyber barriers to automated vehicles deployment. Sci. Rep. 13, 1842. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29018-9 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Zhang, Q., Yang, X. J. & Robert, L. P. Drivers’ age and automated vehicle explanations. Sustainability 13(4), 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041948 (1948).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Schwarting, W., Pierson, A., Alonso-Mora, J., Karaman, S. & Rus, D. Social behavior for autonomous vehicles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 24972–24978 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    MathSciNet 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar     

  • Jian, J.-Y., Bisantz, A. M. & Drury, C. G. Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. Int. J. Cogn. Ergon. 4, 53–71 (2000).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Lee, J. D. & See, K. A. Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Hum. Factors 46, 50–80 (2004).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. & Schoorman, F. D. An integrative model of organizational trust. Acad. Manag. Rev. 20, 709–734 (1995).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Makovi, K., Sargsyan, A., Li, W., Bonnefon, J.-F. & Rahwan, T. Trust within human-machine collectives depends on the perceived consensus about cooperative norms. Nat. Commun. 14, 3108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38592-5 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Du, N. et al. Look who’s talking now: Implications of AV’s explanations on driver’s trust, AV preference, anxiety and mental workload. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 104, 428–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.025 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Tan, H. et al. Knowledge as a key determinant of public support for autonomous vehicles. Sci. Rep. 14, 2156 (2024).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Zhang, T. et al. Automated vehicle acceptance in China: Social influence and initial trust are key determinants. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 112, 220–233 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Koo, J. et al. Why did my car just do that? Explaining semi-autonomous driving actions to improve driver understanding, trust, and performance. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) 9, 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-014-0227-2 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Körber, M., Prasch, L. & Bengler, K. Why do i have to drive now? Post hoc explanations of takeover requests. Hum. Factors 60, 305–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817747730 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Ruijten, P. A. M., Terken, J. M. B. & Chandramouli, S. N. Enhancing trust in autonomous vehicles through intelligent user interfaces that mimic human behavior. Multimod. Technol. Interact. 2, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2040062 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Hatfield, N. A. The Effects of Automation Transparency and Ethical Outcomes on User Trust and Blame Towards Fully Autonomous Vehicles (2018).

  • Forster, Y., Naujoks, F. & Neukum, A. Increasing anthropomorphism and trust in automated driving functions by adding speech output. In 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 365–372, https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2017.7995746 (2017).

  • Zhang, Q., Yang, X. J. & Robert, L. P. What and when to explain? A survey of the impact of explanation on attitudes toward adopting automated vehicles. IEEE Access 9, 159533–159540. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3130489 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Montoya, R. M. & Horton, R. S. A meta-analytic investigation of the processes underlying the similarity-attraction effect. J. Soc. Pers. Relationships 30, 64–94 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Kim, J. K., Harold, C. M. & Holtz, B. C. Evaluations of abusive supervisors: The moderating role of the abuser’s gender. J. Organ. Behav. 43, 465–482 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Lee, S., Ratan, R. & Park, T. The voice makes the car: Enhancing autonomous vehicle perceptions and adoption intention through voice agent gender and style. Multimodal Technol. Interact. 3, 20 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Vilage, G. Voice Control In Cars: Where Are We Headed? (2023).

  • AI Voice Assistants to Push Success of Autonomous Driving, Software-defined Vehicle.

  • Samuel, S. Sexist AI: Siri and Alexa reinforce gender stereotypes, says UN study – Vox (2019).

  • The voices on NYC subway? They come from Bloomberg Radio – Talking Biz News.

  • Zhang, Q., Yang, X. J. & Robert, L. P. Jr. Finding the right voice: exploring the impact of gender similarity and gender-role congruity on the efficacy of automated vehicle explanations. Proc. AAAI Symp. Ser. 2, 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v2i1.27675 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E. & Rosenkrantz, P. S. Sex-role stereotypes: A current appraisal 1. J. Soc. Issues 28, 59–78 (1972).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Brooks, A. W., Huang, L., Kearney, S. W. & Murray, F. E. Investors prefer entrepreneurial ventures pitched by attractive men. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, 4427–4431 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Eagly, A. H. & Steffen, V. J. Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 46, 735 (1984).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G. & Klonsky, B. G. Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 111, 3 (1992).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Eagly, A. H. & Karau, S. J. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychol. review 109, 573 (2002).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Paek, H.-J., Nelson, M. R. & Vilela, A. M. Examination of gender-role portrayals in television advertising across seven countries. Sex Roles 64, 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9850-y (2011).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Lewis, J. D. & Weigert, A. Trust as a social reality. Soc. Forces 63, 967–985. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/63.4.967 (1985).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • McAllister, D. J. Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Acad. Manag. J. 38, 24–59. https://doi.org/10.5465/256727 (1995).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Fox, J. & Gambino, A. Relationship development with humanoid social robots: Applying interpersonal theories to human–robot interaction. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw. 24, 294–299 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Nass, C., Steuer, J. & Tauber, E. R. Computers are social actors. 72–78 (1994).

  • Nass, C. I. & Brave, S. Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship (MIT press Cambridge, 2005).


    Google Scholar     

  • Edwards, C., Edwards, A., Stoll, B., Lin, X. & Massey, N. Evaluations of an artificial intelligence instructor’s voice: Social Identity Theory in human-robot interactions. Comput. Hum. Behav. 90, 357–362 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Nass, C. & Gong, L. Speech interfaces from an evolutionary perspective. Commun. ACM 43, 36–43 (2000).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Nass, C. et al. Improving automotive safety by pairing driver emotion and car voice emotion, 1973–1976 (2005).

  • He, F. & Burns, C. M. A Battle of voices: A study of the relationship between driving experience, driving style, and in-vehicle voice assistant character. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546845.

  • Loideain, N. N. & Adams, R. From Alexa to Siri and the GDPR: The gendering of virtual personal assistants and the role of data protection impact assessments. Comput. Law & Secur. Rev. 36, 105366 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Feine, J., Gnewuch, U., Morana, S. & Maedche, A. A taxonomy of social cues for conversational agents. Int. J. Human-Computer Stud. 132, 138–161 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Koenig, A. M. Comparing prescriptive and descriptive gender stereotypes about children, adults, and the elderly. Front. Psychol. 9, 1086 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Dong, J., Lawson, E., Olsen, J. & Jeon, M. Female voice agents in fully autonomous vehicles are not only more likeable and comfortable, but also more competent, Vol. 64, 1033–1037 (SAGE Publications Sage CA, 2020).

  • Lynch, S. & Campbell, M. Adolescents voice preference in auditory advertisements: A study in gender stereotypes and multi-media marketing. J. Stud. Res. 10 (2021).

  • Lee, E. J., Nass, C. & Brave, S. Can computer-generated speech have gender? An experimental test of gender stereotype. In CHI ’00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA ’00, 289–290 (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2000). https://doi.org/10.1145/633292.633461.

  • Eyssel, F., Kuchenbrandt, D., Bobinger, S., de Ruiter, L. & Hegel, F. ’If you sound like me, you must be more human’: on the interplay of robot and user features on human-robot acceptance and anthropomorphism. In Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction, HRI ’12, 125–126, https://doi.org/10.1145/2157689.2157717 (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2012).

  • Koch, A. J., D’Mello, S. D. & Sackett, P. R. A meta-analysis of gender stereotypes and bias in experimental simulations of employment decision making. J. Appl. Psychol. 100, 128 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Nag, P. & Yalçın, N. Gender stereotypes in virtual agents. 1–8 (2020).

  • Habler, F., Schwind, V. & Henze, N. Effects of Smart Virtual Assistants’ Gender and Language. In Proceedings of Menschund Computer 2019, 469–473 (ACM, Hamburg Germany, 2019) https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3344441.

  • Danielescu, A. Eschewing gender stereotypes in voice assistants to promote inclusion. 1–3 (2020).

  • Nass, C. I., Moon, Y. & Morkes, J. Computers are social actors: A review of current. Hum. Values Design Comput. Technol. 72, 137 (1997).


    Google Scholar     

  • Tay, B., Jung, Y. & Park, T. When stereotypes meet robots: The double-edge sword of robot gender and personality in human–robot interaction. Comput. Hum. Behav. 38, 75–84 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Choi, H. et al. On the use of simulation in robotics: Opportunities, challenges, and suggestions for moving forward. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 118, e1907856118 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Zhang, Q., Yang, X. J. & Robert Jr, L. P. From the head or the heart? an experimental design on the impact of explanation on cognitive and affective trust. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.03433 (2021).

  • Lee, J.-G. & Lee, K. M. Polite speech strategies and their impact on drivers’ trust in autonomous vehicles. Comput. Hum. Behav. 127, 107015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107015 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Gambino, A., Fox, J. & Ratan, R. A. Building a stronger CASA: Extending the computers are social actors paradigm. Hum.-Mach. Commun. 1, 71–85 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Lee, J.-E. R. & Nass, C. I. Trust in computers: The computers-are-social-actors (CASA) paradigm and trustworthiness perception in human-computer communication. In Trust and Technology in a Ubiquitous Modern Environment: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives, 1–15 (IGI Global, 2010).

  • Moussawi, S. & Benbunan-Fich, R. The effect of voice and humour on users’ perceptions of personal intelligent agents. Behav. Inf. Technol. 40, 1603–1626. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1772368 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Borau, S., Otterbring, T., Laporte, S. & Fosso Wamba, S. The most human bot: Female gendering increases humanness perceptions of bots and acceptance of AI. Psychol. Mark. 38, 1052–1068 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Byrne, D. E. The Attraction Paradigm Vol. 462 (Academic Press, 1971).


    Google Scholar     

  • Wetzel, C. G. & Insko, C. A. The similarity-attraction relationship: Is there an ideal one?. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 18, 253–276 (1982).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Heilman, M. E. Gender stereotypes and workplace bias. Res. Organ. Behav. 32, 113–135 (2012).


    Google Scholar     

  • Heilman, M. E., Block, C. J. & Martell, R. F. Sex stereotypes: Do they influence perceptions of managers?. J. Soc. Behavior Pers. 10, 237 (1995).


    Google Scholar     

  • Lyness, K. S. & Heilman, M. E. When fit is fundamental: performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers. J. Appl. Psychol. 91, 777 (2006).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Arnett, J. J. Developmental sources of crash risk in young drivers. Inj. Prev. 8, ii17–ii23. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.8.suppl_2.ii17 (2002).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Irwin, M. R., Cole, J. C. & Nicassio, P. M. Comparative meta-analysis of behavioral interventions for insomnia and their efficacy in middle-aged adults and in older adults 55+ years of age. Heal. Psychol. 25, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.3 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Whittaker, L., Kietzmann, J., Letheren, K., Mulcahy, R. & Russell-Bennett, R. Brace yourself! Why managers should adopt a synthetic media incident response playbook in an age of falsity and synthetic media. Bus. Horizons https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.07.004 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Latinus, M. & Taylor, M. J. Discriminating male and female voices: Differentiating pitch and gender. Brain Topogr. 25, 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-011-0207-9 (2012).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Leung, Y., Oates, J. & Chan, S. P. Voice, articulation, and prosody contribute to listener perceptions of speaker gender: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 61, 266–297. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0067 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Pernet, C. R. & Belin, P. The role of pitch and timbre in voice gender categorization. Front. Psychol. 3, 23 (2012).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar     

  • Schoettle, B. & Sivak, M. A survey of public opinion about autonomous and self-driving vehicles in the US, the UK, and Australia (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Transportation Research Institute, 2014).


    Google Scholar     

  • Hoy, M. B. Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and more: An introduction to voice assistants. Med. Ref. Serv. Q. 37, 81–88 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Zhang, Z., Tian, R. & Duffy, V. G. Trust in automated vehicle: A meta-analysis. In Human-automation interaction: Transportation (eds Duffy, V. G. et al.) 221–234 (Springer International Publishing, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10784-9_13.

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar     

  • Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y. & Phillips, L. W. Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Adm. Sci. Q. 36, 421–458 (1991).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. J. Market. Res. 18, 382 (1981).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Netemeyer, R., Bearden, W. & Sharma, S. Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications (Sage Publications, 2003).

    Book 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar     

  • Streiner, D. L. Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J. Pers. Assess. 80, 99–103 (2003).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar     

  • Cronbach, L. J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297–334 (1951).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar     

  • Snijders, T. A. & Bosker, R. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling (Sage, 2011).

    MATH 

    Google Scholar     

  • Lorah, J. Effect size measures for multilevel models: Definition, interpretation, and TIMSS example. Large-Scale Assess. Educ. 6(1), 1–11 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Cohen, J. Quantitative methods in psychology: A power primer. Psychol. Bull. 112, 1155–1159 (1992).

    Article 

    Google Scholar     

  • Ye, X., Bhatti, S. & Robert, L. Gender and Security Robot Interactions: A Brief Review and Critique. AMCIS 2024 Proceedings (2024).

  • Got ,000? 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Long Term

    Got $3,000? 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Long Term

    The technology sector has produced some of the biggest winners in the stock market in recent decades, and artificial intelligence (AI) promises big rewards for investors who hold the right stocks.

    If you have $3,000 to invest right now, the following companies are competitively positioned to deliver excellent returns over the long term, as they already have over the past decade. Splitting your cash equally in these stocks will cover your bases across the hardware and software side of the AI market.

    Where to invest $1,000 right now? Our analyst team just revealed what they believe are the 10 best stocks to buy right now. Continue »

    Image source: Getty Images.

    1. Nvidia

    The computing horsepower of graphics processing units (GPUs) is essential for training computer models to think and respond to human inquiries in natural language. Nvidia‘s (NASDAQ: NVDA) GPUs are the gold standard. The company is experiencing explosive demand that makes the stock’s recent dip a great buying opportunity.

    Nvidia’s data center revenue more than doubled last year, and now comprises almost 90% of its business. Investors are counting on the company’s new Blackwell computing system to drive an estimated 54% revenue increase for the current fiscal year.

    Blackwell was designed to bring significant performance improvements over the previous Hopper generation of chips for AI tasks. AI models from OpenAI, xAI, and others are getting increasingly sophisticated in their ability to solve complicated problems and logically converse with a human on a number of topics. The computational power to improve the next generation of AI models will be up to 100 times more per task, which should benefit Nvidia.

    Some of Nvidia’s customers, including OpenAI, are investing in their own custom AI chips, which poses a risk. This is one reason why Nvidia stock has fallen year to date, but these concerns are likely overblown.

    Nvidia isn’t just selling chips to model makers for specific workloads. Its GPUs can be used for a wide variety of computing purposes. For example, the Mayo Clinic is building a state-of-the-art digital pathology lab to speed up the diagnosis and treatments in healthcare using Nvidia’s DGX computing platform.

    Nvidia offers solutions like this for several industries, which is a competitive advantage. This advantage can be seen by its stellar profit margin. Last year, Nvidia earned $73 billion in net income on $130 billion of revenue.

    The consensus analyst estimate has the company’s earnings growing at an annualized rate of 35% over the next few years. These prospects make Nvidia stock an attractive value at current share prices, trading at just 26 times this year’s earnings estimate.

    2. Microsoft

    Companies are increasingly turning to the cloud and AI services to improve productivity, and Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) is one of the top providers they are turning to. It’s a top brand in software, with more than 1 billion devices running Windows. The company’s latest quarterly update shows it gaining momentum.

    Microsoft’s revenue grew 15% year over year on a constant-currency basis last quarter, with earnings up 19%. Growth was driven across every segment, most notably in the cloud, with Microsoft Azure posting an impressive 35% year-over-year increase.

    AI has become an essential investment by big businesses, as AI services contributed nearly half of Azure’s growth last quarter. This is more than double the revenue contribution of AI just a year ago. Microsoft saw accelerating demand, noting that Abercrombie & Fitch, Coca-Cola, and ServiceNow recently expanded their business with Azure.

    Microsoft stock sold off earlier this year, as the company’s earnings growth didn’t meet the expectations implied by its premium valuation. However, the largest data center operators, including Microsoft, are in a great position to meet growing demand for AI services over the long term. These large tech giants have massive resources to invest in technology, which is widening their competitive moats.

    Microsoft reported that hundreds of thousands of customers across industries are using its Copilot AI assistant. This is up threefold from this time last year, and management says the size of new Copilot deals for enterprises continues to grow.

    Microsoft is a no-brainer tech stock to buy and hold. It’s rock-solid financially, with $96 billion generated in net income on $270 billion of revenue over the last year. Analysts expect earnings to grow at an annualized rate of 12%, which should lead to comparable shareholder returns.

    Don’t miss this second chance at a potentially lucrative opportunity

    Ever feel like you missed the boat in buying the most successful stocks? Then you’ll want to hear this.

    On rare occasions, our expert team of analysts issues a “Double Down” stock recommendation for companies that they think are about to pop. If you’re worried you’ve already missed your chance to invest, now is the best time to buy before it’s too late. And the numbers speak for themselves:

    • Nvidia: if you invested $1,000 when we doubled down in 2009, you’d have $302,503!*
    • Apple: if you invested $1,000 when we doubled down in 2008, you’d have $37,640!*
    • Netflix: if you invested $1,000 when we doubled down in 2004, you’d have $614,911!*

    Right now, we’re issuing “Double Down” alerts for three incredible companies, available when you join Stock Advisor, and there may not be another chance like this anytime soon.

    See the 3 stocks »

    *Stock Advisor returns as of May 5, 2025

    John Ballard has positions in Nvidia. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Microsoft, Nvidia, and ServiceNow. The Motley Fool recommends the following options: long January 2026 $395 calls on Microsoft and short January 2026 $405 calls on Microsoft. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

    The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

  • Sorloth scores four goals for Atletico Madrid: How many times have Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo done it?

    Sorloth scores four goals for Atletico Madrid: How many times have Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo done it?

    On Saturday afternoon, Atlético Madrid defeated Real Sociedad 4–0 on Matchday 35 of La Liga. Alexander Sorloth was the standout performer, scoring all four goals and achieving a feat that other global stars like Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have previously reached.

    Messi has scored four goals in a single match six times throughout his professional career and has recorded five goals on two occasions. Cristiano, on the other hand, has hit those numbers even more frequently: the Portuguese forward has scored four goals in a match nine times, and five goals twice.

    The first time Lionel Messi scored four goals in a single game was during a 4–1 win for Barcelona over Arsenal in the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League season, when he was just 22 years old.

    In 2012, Leo set an all-time record by scoring 91 goals in a calendar year—a mark unmatched in soccer history. Unsurprisingly, he had three such performances that year: four goals against Valencia and Espanyol in La Liga, and five against Bayer Leverkusen in the Champions League.

    Cristiano Ronaldo celebrates a goal with Real Madrid.

    A year later, Messi netted four goals in La Liga against Osasuna. His last two four-goal games came against the same opponent, Eibar, in 2017 and 2020. The most recent instance of this kind of performance was with the Argentina national team in 2022, when he scored five goals against Estonia.

    ‘Cristiano is like Michael Jordan,’ claims Real Madrid star who faced Ronaldo’s Portugal

    see also

    ‘Cristiano is like Michael Jordan,’ claims Real Madrid star who faced Ronaldo’s Portugal

    Cristiano Ronaldo’s four-goal (or more) matches

    Most of Cristiano Ronaldo’s four-goal games came during his time with Real Madrid. He first did it in 2010 against Racing Santander in La Liga, and repeated the feat the following year against Sevilla. In 2014, he scored four goals again—this time against Elche.

    The year 2015 was especially prolific: he scored five goals twice, against Espanyol and Granada in La Liga, and four goals once, against Malmoe in the UEFA Champions League. He added two more four-goal matches with Real Madrid, in 2017 and 2018, against Celta Vigo and Girona, respectively.

    With the Portugal national team, Ronaldo scored four goals twice: in 2016 against Andorra in a World Cup 2018 qualifier, and in 2019 against Lithuania in a Euro qualifier. His most recent four-goal game came with Al-Nassr in the Saudi Pro League in 2023, when he scored four against Al Wehda.

    How many goals have Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo scored?

    Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi are the two highest goal scorers in the history of soccer. The Portuguese forward tops the list with 934 goals since making his debut with Sporting Lisbon in 2002. The Argentine star, who is about a year and a half younger, sits just behind him with 859 career goals.

    Survey

    Who is the greatest soccer player of all time?

  • Got ,000? 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Long Term

    Got $3,000? 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Long Term

    The technology sector has produced some of the biggest winners in the stock market in recent decades, and artificial intelligence (AI) promises big rewards for investors who hold the right stocks.

    If you have $3,000 to invest right now, the following companies are competitively positioned to deliver excellent returns over the long term, as they already have over the past decade. Splitting your cash equally in these stocks will cover your bases across the hardware and software side of the AI market.

    Image source: Getty Images.

    1. Nvidia

    The computing horsepower of graphics processing units (GPUs) is essential for training computer models to think and respond to human inquiries in natural language. Nvidia‘s (NVDA -0.62%) GPUs are the gold standard. The company is experiencing explosive demand that makes the stock’s recent dip a great buying opportunity.

    Nvidia’s data center revenue more than doubled last year, and now comprises almost 90% of its business. Investors are counting on the company’s new Blackwell computing system to drive an estimated 54% revenue increase for the current fiscal year.

    Blackwell was designed to bring significant performance improvements over the previous Hopper generation of chips for AI tasks. AI models from OpenAI, xAI, and others are getting increasingly sophisticated in their ability to solve complicated problems and logically converse with a human on a number of topics. The computational power to improve the next generation of AI models will be up to 100 times more per task, which should benefit Nvidia.

    Some of Nvidia’s customers, including OpenAI, are investing in their own custom AI chips, which poses a risk. This is one reason why Nvidia stock has fallen year to date, but these concerns are likely overblown.

    Nvidia isn’t just selling chips to model makers for specific workloads. Its GPUs can be used for a wide variety of computing purposes. For example, the Mayo Clinic is building a state-of-the-art digital pathology lab to speed up the diagnosis and treatments in healthcare using Nvidia’s DGX computing platform.

    Nvidia offers solutions like this for several industries, which is a competitive advantage. This advantage can be seen by its stellar profit margin. Last year, Nvidia earned $73 billion in net income on $130 billion of revenue.

    The consensus analyst estimate has the company’s earnings growing at an annualized rate of 35% over the next few years. These prospects make Nvidia stock an attractive value at current share prices, trading at just 26 times this year’s earnings estimate.

    2. Microsoft

    Companies are increasingly turning to the cloud and AI services to improve productivity, and Microsoft (MSFT 0.07%) is one of the top providers they are turning to. It’s a top brand in software, with more than 1 billion devices running Windows. The company’s latest quarterly update shows it gaining momentum.

    Microsoft’s revenue grew 15% year over year on a constant-currency basis last quarter, with earnings up 19%. Growth was driven across every segment, most notably in the cloud, with Microsoft Azure posting an impressive 35% year-over-year increase.

    AI has become an essential investment by big businesses, as AI services contributed nearly half of Azure’s growth last quarter. This is more than double the revenue contribution of AI just a year ago. Microsoft saw accelerating demand, noting that Abercrombie & Fitch, Coca-Cola, and ServiceNow recently expanded their business with Azure.

    Microsoft stock sold off earlier this year, as the company’s earnings growth didn’t meet the expectations implied by its premium valuation. However, the largest data center operators, including Microsoft, are in a great position to meet growing demand for AI services over the long term. These large tech giants have massive resources to invest in technology, which is widening their competitive moats.

    Microsoft reported that hundreds of thousands of customers across industries are using its Copilot AI assistant. This is up threefold from this time last year, and management says the size of new Copilot deals for enterprises continues to grow.

    Microsoft is a no-brainer tech stock to buy and hold. It’s rock-solid financially, with $96 billion generated in net income on $270 billion of revenue over the last year. Analysts expect earnings to grow at an annualized rate of 12%, which should lead to comparable shareholder returns.

    John Ballard has positions in Nvidia. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Microsoft, Nvidia, and ServiceNow. The Motley Fool recommends the following options: long January 2026 $395 calls on Microsoft and short January 2026 $405 calls on Microsoft. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

  • AI in courtrooms raises legal and ethical concerns

    AI in courtrooms raises legal and ethical concerns

    ARIZONA, USA — Stacey Wales gripped the lectern, choking back tears as she asked the judge to give the man who shot and killed her brother the maximum possible sentence for manslaughter.

    What appeared next stunned those in the Phoenix courtroom last week: An AI-generated video with a likeness of her brother, Christopher Pelkey, told the shooter he was forgiven.

    >> Download the 12News app for the latest local breaking news straight to your phone.

    The judge said he loved and appreciated the video, then sentenced the shooter to 10.5 years in prison — the maximum sentence and more than what prosecutors sought. Within hours of the hearing on May 1, the defendant’s lawyer filed a notice of appeal.

    RELATED: AI-generated video of road rage shooting victim addresses killer in court

    Defense attorney Jason Lamm won’t be handling the appeal, but said a higher court will likely be asked to weigh in on whether the judge improperly relied on the AI-generated video when sentencing his client.

    Courts across the country have been grappling with how to best handle the increasing presence of artificial intelligence in the courtroom. Even before Pelkey’s family used AI to give him a voice for the victim impact portion — believed to be a first in U.S. courts — the Arizona Supreme Court created a committee that researches best AI practices.

    In Florida, a judge recently donned a virtual reality headset meant to show the point of view of a defendant who said he was acting in self-defense when he waved a loaded gun at wedding guests. The judge rejected his claim.

    And in New York, a man without a lawyer used an AI-generated avatar to argue his case in a lawsuit via video. It took only seconds for the judges to realize that the man addressing them from the video screen wasn’t real.

    Experts say using AI in courtrooms raises legal and ethical concerns, especially if it’s used effectively to sway a judge or jury. And they argue it could have a disproportionate impact on marginalized communities facing prosecution.

    “I imagine that will be a contested form of evidence, in part because it could be something that advantages parties that have more resources over parties that don’t,” said David Evan Harris, an expert on AI deep fakes at UC Berkeley’s business school.

    AI can be very persuasive, Harris said, and scholars are studying the intersection of the technology and manipulation tactics.

    Cynthia Godsoe, a law professor at Brooklyn Law School and a former public defender, said as this technology continues to push the boundaries of traditional legal practices, courts will have to confront questions they have never before had to weigh: Does this AI photograph really match the witness’s testimony? Does this video exaggerate the suspect’s height, weight, or skin color?

    “It’s definitely a disturbing trend,” she said, “because it could veer even more into fake evidence that maybe people don’t figure out is false.”

    In the Arizona case, the victim’s sister told The Associated Press that she did consider the “ethics and morals” of writing a script and using her brother’s likeness to give him a voice during the sentencing hearing.

    “It was important to us to approach this with ethics and morals and to not use it to say things that Chris wouldn’t say or believe,” Stacey Wales said.

    Victims can give their impact statements in any digital format in Arizona, said victims’ rights attorney Jessica Gattuso, who represented the family.

    When the video played in the courtroom, Wales said only she and her husband knew about it.

    “The goal was to humanize Chris and to reach the judge,” Wales said.

    After viewing it, Maricopa County Superior Court Judge Todd Lang said he “loved the beauty in what Christopher” said in the AI video.

    “It also says something about the family,” he said. “Because you told me how angry you were, and you demanded the maximum sentence, and even though that’s what you wanted, you allowed Chris to speak from his heart as you saw it.”

    On appeal, the defendant’s lawyer said, the judge’s comments could be a factor for the sentence to be overturned.

    Associated Press reporters Sarah Parvini in Los Angeles, Sejal Govindarao in Phoenix and Kate Payne in Tallahassee, Florida, contributed to this report.

    Watch 12News for free

    You can now watch 12News content anytime, anywhere thanks to the 12+ app!

    The free 12+ app from 12News lets users stream live events — including daily newscasts like “Today in AZ” and “12 News” and our daily lifestyle program, “Arizona Midday”—on Roku, Apple TV and Amazon Fire TV.

    12+  showcases live video throughout the day for breaking news, local news, weather and even an occasional moment of Zen showcasing breathtaking sights from across Arizona.

    Users can also watch on-demand videos of top stories, local politics, I-Team investigations, Arizona-specific features and vintage videos from the 12News archives.

    Roku: Add the channel from the Roku store or by searching for “12 News KPNX.”

    Amazon Fire TV: Search for “12 News KPNX” to find the free 12+ app to add to your account, or have the 12+ app delivered directly to your Amazon Fire TV through Amazon.com or the Amazon app.

    More ways to get 12News 

    On your phone: Download the 12News app for the latest local breaking news straight to your phone.

    On your streaming device: Download 12News+ to your streaming device

    The free 12News+ app from 12News lets users stream live events — including daily newscasts like “Today in AZ” and “12 News” and our daily lifestyle program, “Arizona Midday”—on Roku and Amazon Fire TV.

    12News+ showcases live video throughout the day for breaking news, local news, weather and even an occasional moment of Zen showcasing breathtaking sights from across Arizona.

    On social media: Find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

    Copyright 2025 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.